Finite Element Analysis on Frequency Response of Human Eye under Acoustic Excitation / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effects of excitation source, intraocular pressure and material parameters on frequency response of human eye under acoustic excitation. Methods Based on the three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the whole eye, as well as the deformation and stress distribution of human eye, the effects of various parameters on frequency response of human eye were quantitatively analyzed. Results When other parameters were fixed and only the position and size of the excitation source changed, the amplitude at resonance of human eye (the acoustic excitation source was placed directly above the cornea, at an offset of 45°, and at larger excitation) at 134 Hz was 35, 48 and 133 μm, respectively. When only the intraocular pressure changed, the first-order resonance frequency was almost unaffected by the intraocular pressure, and the resonance frequencies of other orders would shift slightly to the left as the intraocular pressure increased. When only the scleral elastic parameters changed, the resonance frequency of eye tissues increased with the increase of the scleral elasticity. Conclusions The position and size of the excitation source have no effects on resonance frequency of human eye, but they have a greater effect on the resonance amplitude. The material parameters of human eye tissues have a greater effect on the frequency response, and there is a linear relationship between the intraocular pressure and resonance frequency. The results provide the theoretical basis for clinical development of high-performance intraocular pressure monitoring technology.

Effect of miR-106a mimics on osteoarthritis in rats / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of miR-106a on osteoarthritis.Methods:Twenty-four S-D female rats were randomly divided into three groupsaccording to the random number table: the sham operation group, the osteoarthritis (OA) group and the miR-106a mimic group. Eightweeks after operation, all rats were killed and articular cartilage was separated from the medial tibial plateau of each rat. Histopathology was used to observe the morphological changes and denatured quantity of chondrocytes, the level of inflamm-atory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β 1], the expression of apoptosis receptor p65, DR6 protein and the expression of mir-106a RNA. The mean between groups was compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the least significant difference (LSD)- t test was used for the comparison between the two groups. Results:Histopathological staining results showed that the articular surface and synovium of rats in the sham operation group were intact, the chondrocytes were arranged horizontally, and the articular cartilage edge was smooth.In the OA group, the articular cartilage edge was seriously damaged and the arrangement of chondrocytes was disordered.In the miR-106a simulation group, the cartilage structure tended to be normal, occasionally uneven, and the articular cartilage surface was not smooth. Compared with sham operation group, the expression of miR-106a in OA group was significantly decreased ( F=918.02, P<0.01); the expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-β) in OA group was also signifi-cantly increased ( F=41 914.86, P<0.01; F=64 85.16, P<0.01; F=8 873.31, P<0.01). The expression levels of DR6 and p65 in OA group were higher ( F=2 319.338, P<0.01; F=1 253.882, P<0.01). Compared with OA group, the levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-β) in miR-106a mimetic group were significantly decreased (1.270±0.020, 6.040±0.170, 5.690±0.080), and the expressions of DR6 and p65 were decreased (1.53±0.09, 0.41±0.04). Conclusion:miR-106a can reduce the inflammatory changes and the degeneration of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis rats.

Comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics of elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis and elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis with osteoarthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To compare the clinical features,ultrasonic imaging manifestations and therapeutic evaluations between elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) and EORA with osteoarthritis (OA).Methods Eighty-eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis were divided into two groups:group EORA (n=36)and group EORA+OA (n=52).The onset age of all patients was 60 years or older.General conditions,joint involvement distribution,ultrasonic manifestations and disease activity scores (DAS28-3) of patients in the two groups were analyzed.The x2 test/Fisher's exact probability test and the Student's t test/Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze data.Results There was no significant difference in the proportion of male and female patients and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) between the two groups (P＞0.05).The onset age of patients in group EORA+OA [(68±4) years old] was higher than that in group EORA [(65±4) years old],and the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.465,P=0.001).Duration of the disease and body mass index in group EORA+OA were significantly higher respectively than those in group EORA.Joint involvement in the two groups was mainly found in shoulder,wrist,Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)2,MCP3,proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)2,PIP3,PIP4,and knee joint (34.7％-86.5％).The percentage of MCP2 [36.5％(38/104),70.8％ (51/72);x2 =20.02,P ＜0.01],MCP3 [33.7％ (35/100),59.7％ (43/72);x2 =11.72,P =0.001],MCP4 [4.8％ (5/100),22.2％ (16/72);x2 =12.28,P＜0.01],PIP2 [69.2％ (72/104),83.3％ (60/72);x2 =4.51,P=0.034]and PIP3 [53.8％(56/100),70.8％(51/72);x2=5.15,P=0.023] in the EORA+OA group was lower while the percentage of MCP1,DIP 2,DIP3,DIP4 and knee joints were higher than that in the EORA group (P＜0.05).In group EORA+OA,the synovial thickness of the wrist joints [(4.2±0.5) mm] and knee joints [(7.7±0.8) mm]were significantly thicker than those in group EORA [(3.2±0.9) mm;(6.3±0.8) mm,t=-5.82,P＜0.01;t=-7.22,P＜0.01];The proportion (70.0％) of level 2 and 3 of patients' wrist joint synovium pannus blood flow and knee joint synovium pannus in group EORA+OA were increased than group EORA (51.9％;52.3％),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2=4.64,P=0.031;x2=4.43,P=0.035).There was no significant difference in DAS28-3 scores between the two groups before patients received treatment.After 2 weeks and 12 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment,DAS28-3 scores in group EORA [3.62 (2.88,4.03);2.35 (2.26,2.62) points] were significantly lower than group EORA+OA [5.01(4.68,5.26);3.38(2.28,3.83) points](Z=-7.766,P＜0.01;Z=-3.461,P＜0.01).Conclusion Compared with patients of EORA alone,patients of EORA with OA have more obvious joint symptoms,MCP1,DIP and knee joint are susceptible to the coinvolvement among them,longer duration of disease,and were prone to synovial hyperplasia and pannus flow formation.The therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid on joint inflammation in patients of EORA alone are superior to those patients of EORA with OA.

Comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics of elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis and elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis with osteoarthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective@#To compare the clinical features, ultrasonic imaging manifestations and therapeutic evaluations between elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) and EORA with osteoarthritis (OA).@*Methods@#Eighty-eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis were divided into two groups: group EORA (n=36) and group EORA+OA (n=52). The onset age of all patients was 60 years or older. General conditions, joint involvement distribution, ultrasonic manifestations and disease activity scores (DAS28-3) of patients in the two groups were analyzed. The χ2 test/Fisher's exact probability test and the Student's t test/Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze data.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the proportion of male and female patients and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) between the two groups (P>0.05). The onset age of patients in group EORA+OA [(68±4) years old] was higher than that in group EORA [(65±4) years old], and the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.465, P=0.001). Duration of the disease and body mass index in group EORA+OA were significantly higher respectively than those in group EORA. Joint involvement in the two groups was mainly found in shoulder, wrist, Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)2, MCP3, proximal inter-phalangeal joint (PIP)2, PIP3, PIP4, and knee joint (34.7%-86.5%). The percentage of MCP2[36.5%(38/104), 70.8%(51/72); χ2=20.02, P<0.01], MCP3[33.7%(35/104), 59.7%(43/72); χ2=11.72, P=0.001], MCP4[4.8%(5/104), 22.2%(16/72); χ2=12.28, P<0.01], PIP2[69.2%(72/104), 83.3%(60/72); χ2=4.51, P=0.034] and PIP3[53.8%(56/104), 70.8%(51/72); χ2=5.15, P=0.023] in the EORA+OA group was lower while the percentage of MCP1, DIP 2, DIP3, DIP4 and knee joints were higher than that in the EORA group (P<0.05). In group EORA+OA, the synovial thickness of the wrist joints [(4.2±0.5) mm] and knee joints [(7.7±0.8) mm] were significantly thicker than those in group EORA [(3.2±0.9) mm; (6.3±0.8) mm, t=-5.82, P<0.01; t=-7.22, P<0.01]; The proportion (70.0%) of level 2 and 3 of patients' wrist joint synovium pannus blood flow and knee joint synovium pannus in group EORA+OA were increased than group EORA (51.9%; 52.3%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.64, P=0.031; χ2=4.43, P=0.035). There was no significant difference in DAS28-3 scores between the two groups before patients received treatment. After 2 weeks and 12 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment, DAS28-3 scores in group EORA [3.62(2.88, 4.03); 2.35(2.26, 2.62) points] were significantly lower than group EORA+OA [5.01(4.68, 5.26); 3.38(2.28, 3.83) points] (Z=-7.766, P<0.01; Z=-3.461, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Compared with patients of EORA alone, patients of EORA with OA have more obvious joint symptoms, MCP1, DIP and knee joint are susceptible to the co-involvement among them, longer duration of disease, and were prone to synovial hyperplasia and pannus flow formation. The therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid on joint inflammation in patients of EORA alone are superior to those patients of EORA with OA.

Study on the relationship between radiological fibrosis score in high-resolution computed tomography and the survival in rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the fibrosis score (i.e., the combined extent of reticulation and honeycombing) is associated with worse survival. The aim of this study was to identify high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns and patient characteristics that could predict poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis-related ILD (RA-ILD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 130 patients with newly diagnosed RA-ILD from 2011 to 2017 at Shanxi People's Hospital. The Pearson correlation analysis was used for the correlation between the fibrosis score and the worse survival of RA-ILD, and Using Cox regression analysis was used to identify the associations with mortality. A value of P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results During a median follow-up of 65 months, 32/130 (24.6％) patients died. Univariate analysis identified 6 significant poor prognostic factors: lower baseline ％ predicted forced vital capacity [HR=0.97, 95％CI(0.94, 0.99);P=0.008], total interstitial disease score [HR=1.06, 95％CI(1.03, 1.08);P<0.01], reticulation score [HR=1.07, 95％CI (1.04, 1.09); P<0.01], traction bronchiectasis score [HR=2.04, 95％CI (1.21, 3.40);P=0.008], fibrosis score [HR=1.07, 95％CI (1.01, 1.13);P<0.01], and definite UIP pattern [HR=4.18, 95％CI (1.40, 12.51); P=0.010]. Fibrosis score remained to be an independent significant poor prognostic factor of survival on bivariate analysis [HR=8.136, 95％CI (2.87, 28.35); P=0.001]. Patients with a fibrosis score>20％ had high mortality. Conclusion This study has shown that fibrosis score is strongly associated with worse survival in RA-ILD, and patients with fibrosis score>20％ have a 8.136-fold increased risk of mortality.

A serine/threonine phosphatase 1 of Streptococcus suis type 2 is an important virulence factor

Streptococcus suis is regarded as one of the major pathogens of pigs, and Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) is considered a zoonotic bacterium based on its ability to cause meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in humans. Many bacterial species contain genes encoding serine/threonine protein phosphatases (STPs) responsible for dephosphorylation of their substrates in a single reaction step. This study investigated the role of stp1 in the pathogenesis of SS2. An isogenic stp1 mutant (Δstp1) was constructed from SS2 strain ZJ081101. The Δstp1 mutant exhibited a significant increase in adhesion to HEp-2 and bEnd.3 cells as well as increased survival in RAW264.7 cells, as compared to the parent strain. Increased survival in macrophage cells might be related to resistance to reactive oxygen species since the Δstp1 mutant was more resistant than its parent strain to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. However, compared to parent strain virulence, deletion of stp1 significantly attenuated virulence of SS2 in mice, as shown by the nearly double lethal dose 50 value and the lower bacterial load in organs and blood in the murine model. We conclude that Stp1 has an essential role in SS2 virulence.

Involvement of multiple organs in IgG4 related disease: a case report and review of the literature / 中华老年医学杂志

To analyze one case of multi-organ involvement of immunoglobulin G4-related disease and to review the related literatures.Through investigating the clinical data of one case of multi-organ involvement of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease,many related references were retrospected.IgG4-related disease and multi-organ involvement are used as the key words to search on Pubmed and Wanfang Database.According to the clinical manifestations,including serology,imaging,histopathology,responses to steroid therapy,a 65-year-old female patient was diagnosed as IgG4-related disease.The patient exhibited salivary gland swelling,lacrimal glands,and orbital soft tissues.And multiple organs such as pancreas,liver,bile duct,retroperitoneum,the lymph node,lung,paranasal sinuses,kidney and ureter were affected in the patient.Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of therapy and the recommended dose is 0.5-1.0 mg · kg-1 · d-1.Immunosuppressive agents need to be used in relapsing patients or in the patients with multi-organ involvement and serious complications.IgG4-related disease usually affects many systems and involves multiple organs,which is always misdiagnosed to other diseases.Both the correct diagnosis with multidisciplinary fields and the early treatment with glucocorticoids are very important.

Bone composite and biomembrane in repairing rabbit mandibular defect / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There are various methods for management of allogeneic bone, xenogeneic bone and various tissue engineered materials, but there is no ideal method for treatment of insufficient bone mass following jaw defects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair efficiency of bone composite and biomembrane following large mandibular defect and mandibular defect combined with tooth luxation in animal studies. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The controlled observational animal study was performed at the Animal Laboratory of Zhejiang University from March to July 2006. MATERIALS: The mixed proportion of Bio-oss material and autologous bone powder was 1:1. The proportion of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 freeze-dry powder dissolved in autologous fresh blood was 0.25 mg:1 mL. Bone powder mixture was moistened by blood containing human bone morphogenetic protein to stick on the medicine spoon for moulding easily. METHODS: Ten New Zealand rabbits were selected. Consecutive bone defects (15 mm×6 mm×5 mm) were made in the inferior border of bilateral mandible body. Bone composite and Bio-gide membrane were randomly implanted into one side (bone composite + Bio-gide membrane group). Another side was directly sutured as blank control group. The remaining 30 rabbits were considered bone composite + Bio-gide membrane + implantation tooth group. A bone defect (15 mm×6 mm×8 mm) was made at the upper site of inferior border of mandible, with the combination of tooth luxation. Bone composite and Bio-gide membrane were implanted, and the luxation teeth were implanted into the original site. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Implantation site, composite conjugation, loose of bone formation and implanted teeth were generally observed. New bone formation at the bone defect site was observed using radiograph and histological method. RESULTS: At 12 weeks following surgery, a bone defect, which was smaller than the original bone, was found at the mandibular defect site in the blank control group. New bones were visible in the mandibular defect site in the bone composite + Bio-gide membrane group. Radiograph demonstrated that the density of defect bone site was similar to normal bone tissue. Histological method revealed that bone implant formed board-shaped bone. No significant loose was detected in implanted teeth of 17 rabbits in the bone composite + Bio-gide membrane + implantation tooth group. Radiograph demonstrated that no transparent area was found in the root tip of 13 rabbits. Histological method showed replacement resorption in 13 rabbits. CONCLUSION: Bone composite combined with Bio-gide membrane for repairing large mandibular defect obtained good efficiency. The outcome of autologous tooth implantation is acceptable in the near future.

Effect of Q-switched Alexandrite laser irradiation on epidermal melanocytes in treatment of Nevus of Ota / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate injury to epidermal melanocyte by Q-switched Alexandrite laser.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Multiple biopsies were performed on 5 patients with nevus of Ota from before irradiation to 1 year after irradiation. Fourteen specimens were obtained for light microscopy, and 17 for transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Melanosomes in epidermal melanocytes were both smaller in size and fewer in number than those in dermal melanocytes. Immediately after irradiation, focal extracellular vacuoles of the basal layer could be observed under light microscopy. Most epidermal melanocytes underwent mild or moderate injury in the form of vacuolated melanosomes, swollen mitochondria, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, and expansion of extracellular space, retaining intact cell membranes. Normal structures were restored 5 months to 1 year after irradiation, with no depigmentation or hyperpigmentation as seen by light microscopy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Injury of melanosomes in epidermal melanocytes is reversible.</p>

Treatment of 522 patients with Nevus of Ota with Q-switched Alexandrite laser / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical response of Nevus of Ota to Q-switched Alexandrite laser, and analyze factors that influence the treatment outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 522 patients treated with Q-switched Alexandrite laser were included in the study. Single and multiple variate analyses of various factors were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Satisfactory result was observed in all patients, none of whom developed scarring. Clinical response was improved with additional treatment sessions. The clinical response of the 20 - 27-week treatment interval group was significantly better than that of the 12 - 19-week interval group, but showed no significant difference as compared with both the 28 - 35 and > or = 36-week interval group. Zygomatic, buccal and frontal areas showed better response than ocular and temporal areas. Treatment session, interval, and fluence were significant factors identified by multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Q-switched Alexandrite laser is an ideal method for treating Nevus of Ota without injury. The number of treatment sessions is more important than interval or fluence.</p>

An experiment study on antitumor effect of Haishengsu injection / 中国海洋药物

Objective To investigate the antitumor effect of Haishengsu injection extracted from marine shellfish. Methods Transplant tumor models of sarcoma 180 (S 180), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), and hepatoma (Heps) in mice were established. Different doses of Haishengsu injection were given to the mice and the tumor inhibition rates of Haishengsu injection, life span of the mice were calculated. Results The tumor inhibition rates of haishengsu injection (490～1000mg?kg -1?d -1,iv) were 41.10%～49.08% in mice with S 180 and 36.29%～49.19% in mice with hepatoma,respectively. The same doses of Haishengsu injection prolonged the life spans of EAC-bearing mice by 22.93%～69.98%. Conclusion The haishengsu injection has the antitumor effects on the tumor-bearing mice without evident side effects.

Nerve growth factor prevents basal forebrain neuronal degeneration in aged monkeys / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To study the preventive effects of nerve growth factor(NGF)on basal forebrain neurons to explore the therapy for Alzheimer disease.Methods Six aged Rhesus monkeys were divided into two groups(group A and group B)randomly.NGF transport from cerebral cortex were blocked in all the monkeys.Group A received homopleural intraventricular implants of polymer-encapsulated cells that were modified to secrete NGF.Group B received identical implants of empty capsules.Results Three to four weeks after operation,the monkeys in the group B displayed extensive reductions in the number of p75NGFr receptor immunoreactive neurons(53%)and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons (57%to 75%)within the septum.The monkeys in group A appeared to be normal size telative to the atrophic appearance of cholinergic neurons and p75NGFr receptor imrnunoreactive neurons in the monkeys receiving control implants.Conclusion NGF could prevent basal forebrain neuron degeneration in aged monkeys.

Antiradiation Effect of Marine Face Pack on the skin structure in Mice / 中国海洋药物

AIM protective effects of the Marine Face Pack (MFP) on hairless mice damaged by ultraviolet B(UVB) and it's relation to antioxidants were studied. MATHODS oxidative damage models of hairless mice irradiated by ultraviolet B (radiating intension; UVB 5. 15 ? 10-2J/cm2 ? 30 day) were established. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, UVB radiated groups (Water model, 10%MFP, 10%VitC). The ultrastructures of skin were observed by electromicroscope. The expression of Bcl - 2 protein and NOS were examined by immunohistochemical methods. The contents of MDA, the activities of GSH-Px, SOD and the T-AOC in the supernates of skin of those mice were detected by biochemical methods. RESULTS The large dilatant vacuolations and few rough endoplasmic reticu-lum in fibroblasts and epidermic cells of mice in UVB model group were observed under electromicroscope. MFP could keep the ultrastructure of epidermis and fibroblasts in the mice of MFP groups normal. MFP could enhance the expression of Bcl-2 protein and inhibit the ac-tivitiy of NOS(P

Drug Resistance to Aztreonam in Commonly Encountered Gram-negative Bacilli / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To obtain primary knowledge of drug resistance to aztreonam(ATM) in commonly encounterd Gram-negative bacilli in our hospital thereby to bring the situation under control.METHODS A total of 3 928 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients from 2001 to 2005,and drug resistance of these strains to ATM was examined.RESULTS Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter spp to ATM was found to be tend increasing from 13%,14%,29% and 40% in 2001 to 28%,29%,40% and 77% in 2005.CONCLUSIONS The percentages of commonly encountered Gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to ATM have been considerably high and tend to increase further.ATM abuse needs to be given appropriate attention to.

Study on the protective effect of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri(PCF) against murine thymocytes apoptosis induced by UVB radiation / 中国海洋药物

Objective To study the protective effect of PCF against murine thymocytes apoptosis induced by UVB irradiation.Methods The irradiation damage model of thymocytes caused by UVB was established.Cellular ultrastructuralalterations were observed with TEM.The expressions of P53,Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were examined by immunocytochemical technique. The p38 mRNA gene expression was also determined with the technique of in situ hybridization.Results Apoptotic thymocytes were observed after UVB irradiation.The ultrastructural damages of the cells induced by UVB irradiation were reduced by the treatment of PCF.PCF also raised the expression of Bcl-2 gene and decreased the expression of P53,Bax.The mRNA expressions of p38 were decreased in PCF groups.Conclusion PCF showed significant protective effects on UVB-irradiated murine thymocytes in vitro.